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__NOTOC__ The 1939 St. Louis smog was a severe smog episode that affected St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States in 1939. Visibility was so limited that streetlights remained lit throughout the day and motorists needed their headlights to navigate city streets. ==The problem of pollution control== Smoke pollution had been a problem in St. Louis for many decades prior to the event, due to the large-scale burning of bituminous (soft) coal to provide heat and power for homes, businesses and transport.〔(In a shroud of smoke ). Student Booklet 3-6, p8 ("Earthways Center", Missouri, USA).〕 In 1893, the Council passed an ordinance prohibiting the emission of "thick grey smoke within the corporate limits of St. Louis" but was unable to enforce it because of legal action taken by one of the worst corporate offenders.〔Vesilind, P. A. & DiStefano, Thomas D. ''(Controlling Environmental Pollution )'' (DEStech Pubs., 2005) p24.〕 The effectiveness of laws was also limited by the lack of adequate inspection and enforcement. In 1933, the mayor created a "citizen smoke committee" and appointed his personal secretary Raymond Tucker〔(R. R. Tucker ) biography (Washington University Libraries).〕 to take charge of efforts to improve air quality. Early efforts had relied on education such as teaching people how to build cleaner fires – but this had almost no impact. It was soon realized that real improvement would only come about by switching to a cleaner fuel – gas, oil, coke, or anthracite were all considered but ruled out on cost grounds. The alternative was to wash and size the existing soft coal to make it burn hotter and cleaner, and ensure that all coal sold in St. Louis was of this variety. In February 1937 a smoke ordinance was passed creating a "Division of Smoke Regulation in the Department of Public Safety", forcing larger businesses to burn only clean coal and setting standards for smoke emission and inspection. By 1938 emissions from commercial smokestacks had been reduced by two-thirds.〔(In a shroud of smoke ). Student Booklet 3-6, p9-11 ("Earthways Center", Missouri, USA).〕 Despite some improvement, smoke pollution was still a visible problem since the new law did not cover smaller businesses and domestic users – 97% of homes still used coal. The city council was reluctant to pass further legislation that might alienate voters so the mayor's "enforcer", Tucker, was limited to using persuasion through the press and radio broadcasts. One newspaper in particular, the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', became notable for its campaign to persuade residents of the benefits of switching to cleaner forms of coal.〔(Environmental History timeline ).〕〔The newspaper ''Post-Dispatch'' started a campaign against the smog with a headline on November 26, 1939, "An Approach to the Smoke Problem", suggesting ways that the city could cut down on pollution. The newspaper suggested buying cleaner fuel and distributing it to residents and resellers, helping to eliminate the cheap but high-sulfur coal that was being used at the time. In February 1941, the paper reported "the plague of smoke and soot has been so well wiped off if not completely removed, that the shining countenance of the Missouri metropolis is now the envy of other cities." The ''Post-Dispatch'' won a Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1941 for its efforts. (http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/nature/environ4.html)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1939 St. Louis smog」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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